Are Cohabitation And Marriage The Same Thing - 992 Words

Are cohabitation and marriage the same thing? While they do have similarities they are also vastly different. Multiple key differences have been known to influence a person’s decision to get married or remain in a cohabitated relationship, such as their upbringing /family history, relationship quality, finances, and dissolution differentiating among cohabitated versus married couples being the most common. Cohabitation seems to be growing in today’s society which is why so many are choosing this type of union, but based on research this also can negatively affect many different aspects of your relationship. There are defiantly risk factors in choosing either type of union, yet the differences between cohabitation and marriage may help a person to decide which union is best for them and their needs. The first difference in these two union choices is a person’s family background. Whether a child grows up raised in a cohabitation or marriage they will see the effects the parents have on a household due to their choices to live in either union. â€Å"By the same token, there’s likely to be a direct association between parents’ resources and their ability to influence their children’s union formation† (Wiik, 2008). They may feel the life they have lived during their childhood is â€Å"normal† in the beginning, but as they grow older and understand there are other options out there they may find the opposite is what meets their needs. Say for instance a child raised in a home where theirShow MoreRelatedCohabitation Between Cohabitation And Marriage1559 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s society cohabitation before marriage has become more prominent than it was in past decades. Cohabitation simply means two individuals are living together unmarried. There are several agreements that support and oppose this topic because of the individuals’ different religion, ethic, and morality. Growing up, I frequently heard living together before marriage often leads to higher risks of divorce later on. As society changes, I believe that people have a different opinion of this beliefRead MoreIt s Your Wedding Night1178 Words   |  5 Pagesdeal breakers to your new marriage, the practice of cohabitation might have prepared you better for this significant moment in your life. Though some traditionalists say cohabitation is against all rules, there are many positive aspects that can come from practicing it. (thesis) Cohabitation is the state or condition of living together prior to marriage or as a substitute for marriage. The more controversial side of cohabitation is not using it as a substitute for marriage, but rather living togetherRead MoreMarriage Vs Cohabitation : Marriage And Cohabitation1055 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage Vs Cohabitation Introduction: The picture of family has changed dramatically in the last fifty years, due to the incline of cohabitation before marriage. Cohabitation is extremely popular and has become quite the trend. When looking at both married and cohabitating couples there are advantages and disadvantages to both, but when one looks at the day to day small things they share some common ground. The Pros of Marriage: The tradition of marriage was intended to keep couples togetherRead MoreRelationship Between Cohabitation And Cohabitation1191 Words   |  5 PagesPaths to Cohabitation How individuals find themselves in cohabitation depends on how they perceive its place in their relationship. Cohabitation is viewed by some as simply a stepping stone to marriage, while others view it as a practical and convenient alternative to living alone. According to population researcher Pamela Smock, cohabiting couples sometimes continue with their living situation even when it doesn’t lead to marriage (Aleccia 2013). This point is echoed in the NPR article that followsRead MoreThe Downside Of Living Together1203 Words   |  5 Pageswhich discusses effect from cohabitation. Jay points out that couples who cohabitate before marriage are more liable to divorce as opposed to couples who do not. Jay states that reasons to cohabitate often differ between partners. Women tend to see cohabitation as an act toward marriage. In contrary, men lean towards the idea that cohabitation is a form of a â€Å"test† or postpone marriage in a relationship. Jay continues that som etimes it is hard to get out of a cohabitation relationship due to â€Å"lock-inRead MoreEssay on Problems With Living Together Before Marriage1129 Words   |  5 Pagesif marriage would work. She trusted her friends and thought that since everyone else was doing it that it must be the wisest choice. What went wrong? Why was she unhappy with her marriage even after getting to know her husband through cohabitation? Would things have been different if she had not listened to her friends and everyone else around her? Couples are choosing to live together before marriage or instead of marriage more often as the years go by. Cohabitation outside of marriage resultsRead MoreIs Cohabitation Or Not?1082 Words   |  5 Pages1. Is cohabitation more similar to being married or to being single? What do you think? I believe that cohabitation is similar to being casually dating or friends with benefits. When you are cohabitating, you may be in a committed relationship but there is always the option to leave when things get tough or you lose interest. There is no binding relationship that requires a man and woman to stay together. When you get married, you make an oath before God to love and cherish your partner with endearmentsRead MoreDivorce And The Right Life Partner1224 Words   |  5 Pagesdivorce rate being over 50% it has become increasingly important to pick the right life-partner due to both psychological and financial reasons. Marriage is still seen as sacred, but not always seen as something that lasts forever. It is common to get divorced, know someone who’s been divorced, or someone that has been affected by divorce. Why do cohabitation and divorce go hand-in-hand? Because, whether or not you decided to cohabitate with your prospective life partner may or may not affect yourRead MoreWhy Should We Try Cohabitation For The Short Time Before Marriage?1136 Words   |  5 PagesWhy should we try cohabitation for the short time before marriage? Did you hear about this analogy? â€Å"You wouldn t buy a car without driving first, would you?†(Kukla, part. 1). Testing a new car will let you know how it is working and how comfortable it is. Marriage is very similar, but we cannot just turn the key to seeing if our prospective marriage partner is suitable. Everyone in our days wants to have a happy family because it is one of the important things in our life. Unfortunately, we don’tRead MoreCohabitation Is A Bad Trend876 Words   |  4 PagesCohabitation is a Bad Trend It was surprising to see the correlation between education and marriage. One quote in particular that caught my eye was â€Å"Perceptions of marriage†¦ vary by educational level, with the highly educated feeling significantly more positively about marriage than the less educated population† (Sharp). This confirms that those who can clearly rationalize the advantages and disadvantages of the given choices will choose marriage. However, as our textbook points out, cohabitation

Economy of Russian Free Essays

In recent times, Russian presses have been full of articles analyzing the Russian economy and making forecasts, most of them pessimistic. Many would say the Russian economy has failed miserably in the past one hundred years. After the 1917 Revolution, an attempt was made by the Communists to create an economy based on socialist principles. We will write a custom essay sample on Economy of Russian or any similar topic only for you Order Now The thought was that the capitalist system led to a chaotic economy, cruel exploitation of workers and unemployment. The Russian socialist economy rests on the basic principles formed by Karl Marx: A centrally planned economy. This â€Å"planned economy† would be in use for the next sixty years. â€Å"In 1929-1930, under the process of collectivization, the land of Russia became state-owned and cooperatively-owned. There was no longer any private land ownership.† (Torchinsky, 48) The state became the monopolist of the economy. Economy planning bodies worked out the famous â€Å"Five-year plans.† The plans regulated everything from production of aircraft to nails and even eggs. They believed that since the means of production belonged to the state, and hence, collectively, to the people, (because a socialist state is a state belonging to the people) the state should control everything. This was to include planning, financing, and salaries. Under this system, â€Å"people are to be content and peacefully work for the benefit of society.† (Diller, 168) The Socialist economic theory assumed that people would work hard because they were working for the collective good, and hence their own good; therefore there would be no reason for them to be lazy or dishonest. Thus, the defects of capitalism would not show its face. â€Å"The five-year economic plans would make it possible to wisely distribute society†s resources and to promote development.† (Flint, 17) However, over the long term, this style of economy seems to have failed in Russia. At certain times-for instance, in restoring the national economy after World War 1, the Civil War, and World War II, â€Å"The states rigid economic monopoly achieved certain successes, but later the basic principles of socialist economic management became an insuperable obstacle blocking economic progress in the Soviet Union and in Russia.† (Flint, 12) Abolishing private ownership of businesses and land killed people†s desire to succeed or to create and increase their own property. The driving force of personal gain was absent from all work activity by the people. The socialist lifestyle assumed that tireless and selfless labor for the benefit of society would succeed. Under this system, there was no reason for the common man, or anyone who was not a fanatical supporter of socialism, to work hard or to improve or create anything. Everything disappeared into the state†s bottomless pockets. â€Å"A person could work well or badly-either way, he received the same meager wages.† (Torchinskii, 51) Many people were satisfied, but some did not work for many years, yet were still guaranteed their wages or salaries by the state. Centralized planning also had a ruinous effect. â€Å"Workers and peasants merely had to fulfill the orders passed from ‘above† regardless of their practicality.† (Hughes, 33) This sometimes resulted in goods being produced that no one needed and seed being sown into barren or frozen soil. Personal initiative was neither encouraged nor expected. As the years passed, the economic situation steadily worsened. For some time, â€Å"the country lived on ‘petrodollars† by selling oil and gas at low prices.† (Flint, 19) Rivalry in the arms race with the United States devoured tremendous wealth; plus a lot of money and energy was spent on supporting â€Å"friendly Communist regimes in Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and Central and South America.† (Flint, 19) At the 28th Party Congress in 1991, when the delegates started talking at last about the critical economic situation and the necessity of reforms, it was already too late. â€Å"The collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990†³s, and the rupture of economic ties between the former Soviet republics that once constituted an economic whole exacerbated the economic downslide, which rapidly became critical.† (Diller, 121) In the early 1990†³s, production continued to decline. Economic contacts weakened with other republics of the former Soviet Union. The balance of payments crisis increased. There was a lack of funds, especially hard currency, necessary for purchasing raw materials. â€Å"As a result of inflation, the purchasing capacity of the population fell and inventories grew.† (Torchinskii, 51) Although the situation in Russia is very difficult, positive aspects offer hope for a recovery. The privatization process in different industries is progressing, though with great difficulties. The agricultural industry is waiting for the transference of land to the peasants-a very risky step that could either save the country or ruin it completely. Russia has to create a successful agricultural base to thrive economically. â€Å"As of July 1, 1993, the number of private farms in Russia was 258,000; they occupied a territory of 27 million acres.† (Flint, 33) Most farmland is still controlled by former state farms or collectives, but now they are reconstructed to be joint-stock companies. Agricultural output and grain production has been declining since the early 1990†³s. Russia†s military defense industry includes aircraft building, rocket manufacturing, and the space industry. In all of these industries, Russia has a major place in the world market. Russia is also a leading arms producer and supplies countries all over the world. One of the most widely used assault rifles, the AK47, was even invented in Russia. â€Å"This remains the basic weapon of the Russian Army and of many other Communist countries.† (Hughes, 53) Finally, the country has immense manpower-the people who are able and want to work despite many decades of nearly losing the habit. There can be no doubt that regeneration is not far away. â€Å"Russia†s labor resources constituted 86.2 million people in 1992, or 58 percent of the population.† (Flint, 65) In 1993, this number was 85.7 million. The number of people in Russia that are actually employed has been dropping steadily since the early 1990†³s. In conclusion, the economy of Russia is by no means the epitome of a great economy, but many of the resources they have do help. Many people have tried to help boost the Russian economy, (Gorbachev, Stalin, Lenin, Yeltsin, and the Tzar) but all of them had their many moments of failures. The new â€Å"Commonwealth of Independent States† or the CIS has worked hard to make new plans for an economy that can rise to the occasion and become the best it has ever been before. With their abundance of natural resources, manpower, and knowledgeable people, Russia can become a major power quickly, but all they need is a guiding hand. How to cite Economy of Russian, Essay examples

Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Practice free essay sample

Perform their professional activities with due and reasonable skill, care, prudence and diligence and in accordance with the current best industry practice and the high ethical, professional and technical standards expected of them as members and registered students of the Institute. Always act in the best interests of the securities and investment profession, their clients and prospective clients, and place the interests of the profession, clients and prospective clients before their own personal interests or that of their employers, employees, peers, colleagues in the investment profession or those of any third party and use their best endeavours not to put themselves in a situation where a conflict of interest arises. Take reasonable care to maintain professional independence and objectivity and to make fair judgments when conducting securities and investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment actions, and engaging in other professional activities. Practise and encourage others to practise in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect credit on themselves and the securities and investment profession. Continuously strive to maintain and improve their professional competence and strive to maintain and improve the competence of other investment professionals. Investment Professionals are individual members who evaluate or apply financial, economic or statistical data as part of the professional practice of financial analysis, investment management, portfolio management, securities analysis, investment counselling, or other similar professions. â€Å"Security analysis† is the provision of investment information, investment recommendations, or investment management based on the analysis of a variety of information relating to security investments and the evaluation of investment value. Investment Action is any activity in which Investment Professionals engage regarding securities, including the purchase and/or sale of securities for client, proprietary or personal accounts, the issuance of research reports, or any recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security. Fiduciary Duty is the duty which is owed by a party who has a relationship of trust and confidence to another party. A person who has a fiduciary duty to another must act in the others best interest, must maintain the others trust and confidences, and must act with discretion. A fiduciary is held to a higher standard of care and higher degree of knowledge than the average person. Beneficial owner means someone who has: (a) a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in securities, regardless of whether or not the ownership of the said security is in the name of that person; or (b) the power to vote or direct the voting of shares of securities or investments; or (c) the power to dispose or direct the disposition of a security or investment. Associate means any related or affiliated party, or any person or entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with an investment professional. Duty to adhere to laws, rules, regulations and Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct 2. 1. Members and Registered Students shall maintain knowledge of and comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of any government, governmental agency, regulatory organization, licensing agency, or professional association governing their professional activities, including this CIS Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct. Members and Registered Students shall not knowingly participate in or assist any violation of such laws, rules, regulations and CIS Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct. Members and registered students must comply with the standards of the profession notwithstanding pressure from clients, employers, peers, employees or others to compromise those standards. Members and registered students are personally responsible and accountable for their conduct, must allow and exercise individual autonomy such as freedom of speech, and must not discriminate against any person because of gender, race, or religion. In the event of conflict, Members and Registered Students must comply with the more strict law, rule, regulation, code or standard. Graduate Members, Registered Students and Affiliates shall not use any designation after their names. 2. 2. 3 2. 2. 3 Page 5 of 14 Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct for Stockbrokers 2. 3 Professional Misconduct 2. 3. 1 Members and Registered Students must not engage in any illegal, fraudulent, dishonest, deceitful or misleading professional conduct that might have a negative impact on their reputation, integrity, or competence as Members and registered students or bring dishonour or disrepute upon the Institute or its other Members and registered students. Members and Registered Students must not engage in any conduct that compromises the reputation or integrity of the Institute or the CIS designation or the integrity, validity, or security of the CIS examinations and any other examinations supervised by or conducted on behalf of other organisations by the Institute. 2. 3. 2 2. 4 Co-operation, support and whistleblowing 2. 4. 1 Members and registered students must cooperate to serve the objectives of the code and the standards. Members and registered students must ensure all information, documents, reports and returns required by the CIS are produced accurately, honestly and when required, and that the information, documents, reports and returns are true and correct. 2. 4. 2 Members and registered students must cooperate with an appropriate authority and the CIS to identify and address wrongdoing and incompetency in the profession. Members and registered students, when they know of illegal conduct must report that conduct to an appropriate authority in accordance with the law where their disclosure is protected by law. Collectively, Members and registered students are responsible for the standards of the profession and shall report to the CIS breaches of the code of ethics and standards. 2. 4. 4 Members and registered students must not discriminate or take other adverse action against a person who discloses illegal conduct or a breach of the code of ethics and standards.

Thus with a kiss I die Essay Example

Thus with a kiss I die   Paper These were the last words of Romeo before killing himself. The quote itself is very powerful in the way that it links the two main genres together love and death together. Also two very powerful oppositions or maybe they are not opposites at all. Romeo and Juliet was Shakespeares first major tragedy. Then followed the big four (Othello, Hamlet, Macbeth and King Lear) these were also major tragedies and are all very famous plays. In all of these plays the heroes are doomed from the start. Their foolish acts are blatantly going to have a tragic end! But this all adds to the appeal and love people have for the plays. For example Romeo and Juliet is set over a week, and in that week Romeo meets Juliet, marries Juliet, and then soon after kills Tybalt in the same day as marrying Juliet, gets banished from the city and then kills himself, thinking Juliets dead when she isnt. What a tragic week! Before the action starts you know the plot of the play, or at least that the play will end because they are enemies, it cannot be. This is also mentioned in the Prologue. We will write a custom essay sample on Thus with a kiss I die   specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thus with a kiss I die   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thus with a kiss I die   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many different causes contribute to this. One such cause is fate. Was it meant to happen? Did all this happen for a reason? Was the play meant to go this way? Was it just a coincidence that Romeo met Juliet who happened to be the daughter of their rivals the Capulets? Was it really fate? These are all questions people ask about the fate of the play today. Shakespeare wanted his audience to know what happens in the end by giving you huge hints at the start of the play. For example From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life This line means, emerging out of the family loins came Romeo and Juliet who crossed together and took their own lives. Chosen by the stars The cause of death was being born! This shows that Shakespeare wanted us to know the ending of the play. He is telling us that it is going to have a sad and tragic ending. He tried to give a taster so people would come and watch the play to get the whole story on why it had such a tragic ending. Romeo and Juliet have love at first sight, but it just so happens that Romeo is the son of Juliets fathers enemy the Montagues! His name is Romeo, and a Montague, the son of your great enemy. This line is said by the Nurse She gives the line central to the whole play. It sets up the tragic tension! He is the son of the Capulets great enemy. Shakespeare gives Romeo bad fate from the start. He makes Romeo look hasty and foolish. He always seems to fall into traps when it comes to love. He ironically falls in love with Juliet who just happens to be the daughter of his great enemy, out of all the women he could have fallen in love with, he fell in love with the worst possible! Nurse is warning Juliet of the problems that could occur, that could be dangerous. Romeo wants to make his own decisions, instead of fate controlling his life. And shake the yoke of inauspicious stars This is in the last scene. Romeo is talking to the audience. He is saying to get rid of the yoke (head brace) of the stars to set him free. This shows he wants to control his own life, his own destiny. Romeo also tempts fate in a couple of places in the play. Let me be taen let me be put to death Here Romeo is saying basically put me to death! He is challenging fate here by saying it; this is quite ironic as he dies within a few days. Fate is not the only culprit that could have killed the two lovers. What about family pressure? The fathers in Shakespeares day were the boss of the family. They even chose who you married. Capulet wants Juliet to get married to a man of his choice. He talks about when and who. She hath not seen the change of fourteen years: Let two more summers wither in their pride Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride. Capulet basically says that in two more summers they should consider Juliet ready for marriage. When she is sixteen. This puts a lot of pressure on Juliet because what if she isnt ready? What if he isnt right for her? She is being pushed into things, especially when Capulet agrees to Juliet marrying Paris the following week. Capulet meets Paris and tells him about Juliet, hoping they could marry. Juliet doesnt yet know about him. But woo her, gentle Paris, get her heart; My will to her consent is but apart: And, she agree, within her scope of choice Here Capulet is talking to Paris. He tells Paris to win her gently, to get Juliets heart. His consent is only a part of the plan for it to work; she will have to agree by her own choice. This is Capulets plan to get Paris and Juliet married; this also puts a lot of pressure on Juliet because she has not got a choice. She is pushed into it, as a fathers word was law. When Juliet told Capulet she didnt want to marry Paris (of whom he chose) he was furious. Hang thee, young baggage! Disobedient wretch! I tell thee what; get thee to church on Thursday, Or never after look me in the face. Speak not, reply not, do not answer me! This is a very powerful speech given by Capulet to Juliet. Capulet says if Juliet doesnt get to the church on Thursday to marry Paris, he will never talk to her again, and she will be thrown onto the streets! But she has married Romeo already! Thats the problem. This puts a lot of pressure on Juliet. Should she forget about Romeo, marry Paris and stay in the family? Or leave her family have no assets and stay to marry Romeo? These are her two options. Capulet gives Juliet one more chance to redeem herself, by giving her a choice. (If it counts as a choice). He says she can marry Paris or she can beg and die on the streets. Its not really a choice at all but its all she has got. An you be mine, Ill give you my friend; An you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets Capulet may not have given Juliet a wide variety of options but he gave her a chance to have what she wanted. He says she can marry his friend Paris and not be put on the streets or she can have exactly that. It is all up to Juliet. What about adolescent passion? Maybe this all happened because of the stupidity of the two lovers. For instance maybe they didnt know if they were in love or not. Did my heart love till now? He says this when he meets Juliet. It is love at first sight. Romeo asks a question that makes you wonder if he truly knows what love is. He thought he loved Rosaline but maybe he didnt. Romeo shows that he is very unstable and doesnt know who he loves. (If any) Maybe the lovers rushed into things to fast. If that thy bent of love be honourable, Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow Here Juliet is talking. She says of you mean it send me word tomorrow. They have only just met that night and they are talking about marriage! Is this all a bit too fast? Romeo goes to see the apothecary to get poison to kill himself because he thinks Juliet is dead. There is evidence of this her in A5 S1 L34 Well Juliet I will lie with thee tonight This is what Romeo says to himself, just before he goes to see the apothecary. He thinks Juliet is dead so he buys poison to take himself with her. You could say that he was stupidly in love with her. Again he does things in a passionate haste. Then Romeo kills himself next to Juliet. Heres to my love! O true apothecary! Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die. Romeo killed himself in haste thinking Juliet was dead; he did not wait to check. He was too hasty. Maybe none of the above are right. Maybe it was all down to the feud. Could the lovers deaths have been caused by the hatred between the Montagues and Capulets? There is so much hatred in the air between the two families. They always resolve in sword fights. Draw thy tool; here comes two of thy house of Montagues This shows that the two families hate each other bitterly. This all started because Mercutio took Romeo go to the party, which they were not even meant to be at! The two families see each other as enemies Thou art a villan This is Tybalt to Romeo. Just before Mercutio gets killed he expresses his feelings in anger to the two feuding families. I warrant for this world. A plague oboth your houses! Mercutio is very angry; he thinks the two families are pathetic and he puts a curse on both their houses (not literally). Maybe it was chance. Maybe it was just bad luck that all this happened. Maybe it was luck that Romeo met Juliet in the first place! If it was not for Mercutio to get tickets for the Capulets ball there would be no Romeo and Juliet Romeo was not meant to be at the party so if he did not go he would not have met Juliet in the first place. He chose to change his luck When the Prince banished Romeo from Verona he was forced to leave. Later on Friar Lawrence sends a letter to Romeo updating him on what has happened. Unfortunately this does not arrive. . her body sleeps in Capels monument because he obviously did not know at this point that Juliet was faking her death and thus this wrong message sends Romeo back to Verona and to his tragic end. The letter was of most serious importance that it got to Romeo, but it did not. This letter was not nice but full of charge, Of dear import The letter was very important as it contained the vital information that Romeo needed. I personally think that the tragic ending was caused mostly by adolescent passion because they rushed into things too fast! They were too hasty in their approach. Also in the way that they are too young to know what love is! For example Romeo kept on saying how much he loved Rosaline but then when he met Juliet he forgot all about her! I think all the topics I have covered have some relevance but are not the whole cause. I leave you with a quote which I mentioned earlier, I think it very powerful in the way that an innocent man died because of the hatred between the two families.

Ethics Final Paper Essays

Ethics Final Paper Essays Ethics Final Paper Essay Ethics Final Paper Essay While ethics is an extremely valuable tool to individuals in the field, it can also be a source of conflict (Fisher, 2013). With being a psychologist comes an immense amount of responsibility and pressure to offer the most effective care to those in need. As a result, it is inevitable for psychologists to struggle with this responsibility during some point in his or her professional career. The following fictional case captures this struggle, as well as identifies the crucial role of ethics in maintaining healthy yet professional client relationships. Ethical Case: Dry. Teen is a female psychologist who received a part-time job at Lincoln Park High School. She recently graduated from Northwestern University sys. D. Program, where she had also attended undergraduate school. Dry. Teen was born and raised in the suburbs of Chicago, and feels strong ties to the city. Thus, after earning a license to practice, she decided to apply for a position as the school counselor of her formal high school. One perk that accompanies working at Lincoln Park High is that she is only required to work part time, allowing her to balance work with her secondary occupation. Additionally, she was excited to return to her high school in order to reestablish relationships with old teachers and administrators who were deeply supportive of her during her troubled past. Dry. Teen has been working at the school for nearly three months, and finds great satisfaction in her work. Lincoln Park High reports an all time high in the number of students currently signed up for counseling. Both male and female students are choosing to seek Dry. Tens counsel, in contrast to past years, in which faculty or parents were forcing students to meet with the school social worker. Dry. Teen is pleasantly surprised by the deep relationships she has established with many of her students. Additionally, she has found that she is even better able to relate to and form connections with her students, compared to her same-age co- workers. She enjoys bonding with her students so much that she is considering working full time at Lincoln High. Since Dry. Teen only works three days a week, her busy schedule often prevents her from meeting with students during the select days she comes into school. Though the school assures her that postponing her appointments is completely understandable, he feels too guilty turning away students. Unbeknown to the school, she occasionally meets with them outside of work on the weekends. Since she lives in the neighborhood directly behind school, she feels her home is the most convenient place for them to meet. Dry. Teen considers her work outside of school to be even more beneficial to students, as it is not in the formal setting, thus, she does not set a time limit on appointments. Plus, Dry. Teen benefits from meetings outside of school, as the students who come to her house often bring her coffee, food, gift certificates, and tokens of appreciation for the additional availability she offers on weekends. Recently, however, Dry. Teen has become very overwhelmed with her counseling duties. In order to foster the most effective therapy for students, she has decided to restrict the students she meets with to the students in which she feels she is able to connect with the most. Coincidentally, many of these select students are young females. Dry. Teen assures the male students that her choice is nothing personal; however, she would rather provide valuable counseling to a few students rather than mediocre counseling to many students. In attempt o alleviate the situation, she has given her personal cell phone number to the students whom she no longer meets with in person, and emphasizes her availability for them to call or text her at any time and for any reason. Dry. Teen has grown particularly close to her student, Anna, who she considers her mini-me. Dry. Teen and Anna share similar experiences, specifically, a car accident that resulted in symptoms of Postgraduates Stress Disorder for the both of them. Although the car accident took place recently for Anna, it occurred over ten years ago for Dry. Teen. Aside from the car accident, Dry. Teen has bonded with Anna on a deeper, friend-level. Occasionally, Dry. Teen shares personal stories about her experiences and relationships during high school in order to make Anna feel comfortable reciprocating her experiences. Dry. Teen feels the only way for students to feel safe confiding in her is for her to confide in students, in return. Depending on the situation, she has elaborated on stories about her partying, drinking, and dating habits of the past. Dry. Teen feels it is justified for her to discuss even these provocative stories, since she does not behave as such anymore, and it is trickily for the purpose Of building a therapeutic relationship with her clients. The details of Dry. Tens therapy are unknown to Lincoln Park High. However, based on the variety of gifts Dry. Teen has received from her students in appreciation of her services, the school is confident in her abilities and progress with the students. As far as the faculty is aware, Dry. Teen has been successful in maintaining student mental health. Students that have benefited from counseling possess an overall more positive attitude towards school. Ethics Code Violations: In therapy, there is a thin line between being an effective therapist, and being professional therapist. Dry. Tens behavior represents a lack of professionalism that violates various ethical codes set out to prevent this type of relationship. A core code Dry. Teen violates is 3. 04: Avoiding Harm. The code states, Psychologists take reasonable steps to avoid harming their clients/patients, students, supervises, research participants, organizational clients, and others with whom they work, and to minimize harm where it is foreseeable and unavoidable (Fisher, 2013). Dry. Teen defies this code in various aspects of her practice. For example, she shares personal and revocation stories about herself, invites clients to her home, and offers her cell phone number for additional therapy benefits. In doing so, Dry. Teen is transforming what is supposed to be a professional relationship into a more personal connection. For the students who are seeking mental health care, this can prove more harmful than helpful to their overall well-being. In line with code 3. 04, Avoiding Harm, is Principle A: Beneficence and Malefaction of the General Principles of Psychology. This principle reflects a psychologists dual obligation to strive to do good and avoid doing arm Y promoting the welfare of others, treating people and animals humanely, increasing scientific and professional knowledge of behavior an peoples understanding of themselves, and improving the condition of individuals (Fisher, 2013). By forming an unprofessional relationship with her students, Dry. Teen is neither striving to do good nor avoiding harm. Her closeness with these young and impressionable teens is not promoting their welfare. Instead, Dry. Teen appears to be too focused on bonding with students and forming a rec iprocal relationship, when her true responsibility would be solely dedicated to the client. Dry. Tens relationship with Anna proves particularly harmful. By sharing intimate stories about her past, she is setting a poor example for Anna. It is clear Anna considers Dry. Teen a role model. Although Dry. Teen may have pure intentions by sharing provocative stories about her past, in turn, she is harming Anna by suggesting this behavior is acceptable, and even encouraged. While Dry. Tens ability to offer Anna a safe place to seek comfort and support is commended, the example she sets is not. Moreover, a multiple relationship is defined by when a psychologist is in a professional relationship with a person and at the same time is in another role with the same person (Fisher, 2013). The behaviors mentioned above, including providing students with her cell phone number and sharing personal stories about herself, signifies a friendship, not the role of a psychologist. Dry. Tens actions violate Code 3. 04, Multiple Relationships. Perhaps one of the most difficult aspects in the role of a psychologist is maintaining the ability and restraint to separate ones personal life from ones professional endeavors. The fact that Dry. Teen and Anna share many of the same experiences, in particular the traumatic car accident, can serve as both a positive and a negative influence on both partys mental health. On one hand, Dry. Teen possesses the proper empathy and understanding of Annas situation, and can foster the most effective coping strategies. In turn, Anna can take solace in knowing that Dry. Teen has endured a similar experience to her, and has been successful in overcoming such an obstacle. Yet, if Dry. Teen does not approach this sensitive issue properly, the outcome may prove detrimental to both hers and Annas health. Code 2. 06: Personal Problems and Conflicts highlights the suggested course for a psychologist to take when dealing with this type of situation. The code states, (a) Psychologists refrain from initiating an activity when they know or should know that there is a substantial likelihood that their personal problems will prevent them from performing their work-related activities in a competent manner (Fisher, 2013). According to professional ethics, research indicates that certain stressful life events can hinder a psychologists ability to use their skills competently and effectively. In addition to the violations of the various codes listed above, Dry. Tens relationship with Anna further violates standard 2. 06, as she is required to refrain from activities in which her personal problems may impair her ability to perform. As a psychologist, it is Dry. Tens responsibility to respect the dignity and worth of all individuals appropriately. This includes offering equal services and availability to all students that seek her treatment. Code 3. 01: Unfair Discrimination elucidates on this topic, stating, In their work-related activities, psychologists do not engage in unfair scarification based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, socioeconomic Status, or any basis proscribed by law (Fisher, 2013). Although standard 3. 01 does not require psychologists to offer therapeutic assistance to all individuals requesting mental health services, Dry. Tens role as Lincoln Highs social worker does not offer her this luxury. As the schools sole therapist, she is responsible for counseling each and every student that seeks her help, and providing all students with equal and just care. Selecting certain students and turning away others is a violation of standard 3. 01 , and exemplifies unfair discrimination. Furthermore, Dry. Teen is also in violation of Principle D, Justice, of the General Principles of Psychology. This principle encourages psychologists to strive to provide to all people fair, equitable, and appropriate access to treatment and to the benefits of scientific knowledge and warns psychologists to be aware of and guard against their own biases and the prejudices Of others that may condone or lead to unjust practices (Fisher, 2013). Dry. Tens actions are in clear violation of this principle. Additionally, she is setting a poor example for her students by implying that discriminatory behaviors are indeed acceptable. By selecting certain students to counsel over other students seeking the same treatment, Dry. Teen defies Principle D. An exploitative relationship is defined as taking unfair advantage of or manipulating for their own personal use or satisfaction (Fisher, 2013). Meeting with students in her home on the basis that they bring her gifts as a show of gratitude represents an exploitative relationship. Standard 3. 08 prohibits psychologists from taking unfair advantage of or manipulating for their own personal use or satisfaction of students (Fisher, 2013). Dry. Teen is taking advantage of her students by offering additional services as an incentive to receive gifts. While gift giving and receiving IS not considered a violation, exploiting clients as a means of receiving gifts is. Finally, because of Dry. Teen is a practicing psychologist within a school setting she must be particularly careful with her responsibility to protect the privacy and confidentiality of her students. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act FREER) of 1974 outlines several laws In order to promise students privacy within school settings (Fisher, 2013). Specifically, FREER provides certain rights to parents of students that are ultimately transferred to students when they reach 18 years. Such rights include the inability to disclose a students educational record without written permission from the parent or the eligible student (Fisher, 2013). In addition to the diverse guidelines Dry. Teen must adhere to under the ethics code, it is crucial that Dry. Teen is additionally aware of implications such as FREER that impact her job and professional susceptibilities. Celia Fishers, Decoding the Ethics Code, offers a quote by Nicholas Hobbs that captures the tough balance between being an effective psychologist, and adhering to the ethics that surround this task. Hobbs refers to psychology as, a complex field where individual and social values are yet but ill defined (Fisher, 2013). He compares the field to a game, in which must be played fairly and must be given direction and consistency by the rules of the game. Though an individuals values may be ill defined, it is a psychologists responsibility to use these ethical standards as a tool to vegetative through the game of psychology.

Analysis of Tenth of December by George Saunders

Analysis of Tenth of December by George Saunders George Saunders deeply moving story Tenth of December originally appeared in the October 31, 2011, issue of The New Yorker. It was later included in his well-received 2013 collection, Tenth of December, which was a bestseller and a National Book Award finalist. Tenth of December is one of the freshest and most compelling contemporary stories, yet we find it almost impossible to talk about the story and its meaning without making it sound trite (something along the lines of, A boy helps a suicidal man find the will to live, or, A suicidal man learns to appreciate the beauty of life). We have to chalk this up to Saunders ability to present familiar themes (yes, the little things in life are beautiful, and no, life isnt always neat and clean) as if were seeing them for the first time. If you havent read Tenth of December, do yourself a favor and read it now. Below are some of the features of the story that particularly stand out; perhaps theyll resonate for you, too. Dreamlike Narrative The story shifts constantly from the real to the ideal, to the imagined, to the remembered. Like the 11-year-old protagonist of Flannery OConnors The Turkey, the boy in Saunders story, Robin, walks through the woods imagining himself a hero. He trudges through the woods tracking imaginary creatures called Nethers, who have kidnapped his alluring classmate, Suzanne Bledsoe. Reality merges seamlessly with Robins pretend world as he glances at a thermometer reading 10 degrees (That made it real) and also as he begins to follow actual human footprints while still pretending that hes tracking a Nether. When he finds a winter coat and decides to follow the footsteps so he can return it to its owner, he recognizes that [i]t was a rescue. A real rescue, at last, sort of. Don Eber, the terminally ill 53-year-old man in the story, also holds conversations in his head. He is pursuing his own imagined heroics- in this case, going into the wilderness to freeze to death in order to spare his wife and children the suffering of caring for him as his illness progresses. His own conflicted feelings about his plan come out in the form of imagined conversations with adult figures from his childhood and finally, in the grateful dialogue, he imagines between his surviving children when they realize how selfless hes been. He considers all the dreams hell never achieve (such as delivering his major national speech on compassion), which seems not so different from fighting Nethers and saving Suzanne- these fantasies seem unlikely to happen even if Eber lives another 100 years. The effect of the movement between real and imagined is dreamlike and surreal- an effect that is only heightened in the frozen landscape, especially when Eber enters the hallucinations of hypothermia. Reality Wins Even from the beginning, Robins fantasies cant make a clean break from reality. He imagines the Nethers will torture him but only in ways he could actually take. He imagines that Suzanne will invite him to her pool, telling him, Its cool if you swim with your shirt on. By the time he has survived a near drowning and a near freezing, Robin is solidly grounded in reality.  He starts to imagine what Suzanne might say, then stops himself, thinking, Ugh. That was done, that was stupid, talking in your head to some girl who in real life called you Roger. Eber, too, is pursuing an unrealistic fantasy that he will eventually have to give up. Terminal illness transformed his own kind stepfather into a brutal creature he thinks of only as THAT. Eber- already tangled in his own deteriorating ability to find accurate words- is determined to avoid a similar fate. He thinks: Then it would be done. He would have preempted all future debasement. All his fears about the coming months would be mute. Moot.   But this incredible opportunity to end things with dignity is interrupted when he sees Robin moving dangerously across the ice carrying his- Ebers- coat. Eber greets this revelation with a perfectly prosaic, Oh, for shitsake. His fantasy of an ideal, poetic passing wont come to be, a fact readers might have guessed when he landed on mute rather than moot. Interdependence and Integration The rescues in this story are beautifully intertwined. Eber rescues Robin from the cold (if not from the actual pond), but Robin would never have fallen into the pond in the first place if he hadnt tried to rescue Eber by taking his coat to him. Robin, in turn, saves Eber from the cold by sending his mother to go get him. But Robin has already saved Eber from suicide by falling into the pond. The immediate need to save Robin forces Eber into the present. And being in the present seems to help integrate Ebers various selves, past and present. Saunders writes: Suddenly he was not purely the dying guy who woke nights in the med-bed thinking, Make this not true make this not true, but again, partly, the guy who used to put bananas in the freezer, then crack them on the counter and pour chocolate over the broken chunks, the guy who’d once stood outside a classroom window in a rainstorm to see how Jodi was faring. Eventually, Eber begins to see the illness (and its inevitable indignities) not as negating his previous self but simply as being one part of who he is. Likewise, he rejects the impulse to hide his suicide attempt (and its revelation of his fear) from his children, because it, too, is part of who he is. As he integrates his vision of himself, he is able to integrate his gentle, loving stepfather with the vitriolic brute he became in the end. Remembering the generous way his desperately ill stepfather listened attentively to Ebers presentation on manatees, Eber sees that there are drops of goodness to be had even in the worst situations. Though he and his wife are in unfamiliar territory, stumbling a bit on a swell in the floor of this stranger’s house, they are together.

How lawyers reason, within field of litigation and how lawyers form Essay

How lawyers reason, within field of litigation and how lawyers form legal argument within field of litigation - Essay Example These supporting tools are of great help in terms of their importance in making the minds of judiciary to decide. II. How lawyers reason, within field of litigation   A. Litigation   The legal professions in England and Wales are divided into two segments a) Barrister and b) Solicitor. Bar Standards Board is the regulatory authority of Barrister. A Barrister must be a member of one of the Inns of Court. These are a) The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn b) The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn c) The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple and d) The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple. Mentioned courts are located in Central London, which is very near to the Royal Courts of Justice1. In England, public representatives may have the services of a barrister directly. They are there to provide legal advice and assistance in almost all spheres of laws. Barristers are entitled to represent on behalf of their clients in any court of law in England and Wales provided he or she recei ved instructions from his client to plead the case. Before taking up the case of any client, Barrister has to complete a course, which is known as special course2. The Public Access Scheme was introduced in the United Kingdom to liberalize it for public and at a cheaper fee. It further bridges the gap between solicitors and barristers. The role of Barrister and Solicitor is clearly defined in rules of business for the ease of public.    B. Precedent   Legal rulings are known as legal precedents, come from the cases of law. Rulings of the competent court of law are binding until and unless void by the superior courts. We may categorise the precedents into three categorise a) Original b) Binding and c) Persuasive. It can be used in place of statutory law in civil cases, which is familiar as common law. Judges pursue the know principles of superior courts3. Original Precedent Original Precedents are those which have never gone through the legal process ever before. Take the example of London bombing case, which was never heard by the UK Judge as this sort of incident has not been witnessed earlier. Hence, ruling in the mentioned case, is considered as Original Precedent4.    Binding Precedent If a ruling of a competent jurisdiction is the same as it was held in some similar case, this can be treated as binding precedent. For example if a person commits murder and the judge keeping in mind the circumstances, not finds the accused guilty and orders to release innocent person, therefore a case of equal standing can have the same ruling. Judges always try the cases on merits of the case5. Persuasive Precedent Persuasive precedents in fact are the decisions of subordinate courts. The decision has the legal validity provided higher court deems it fit and appropriate. There are circumstances where lower courts take the decision and the higher court did not endorse it taking into account the merits of the case6.    Precedents as Common Law Now, the courts of Engl and and Wales use precedents as Common Law. The extraordinary cases usually try in the competent court of law and their decision is binding. Precedent may be used in a similar case being heard. The rulings of circuit court or the high court are binding. However, rulings of the subordinate courts are not binding since they are challengeable in mentioned superior courts7.   Ã‚   It would not be out of place to mention that number of post 9/11and 7/7 Cases heard in UK courts were â€Å"